Nearly 35 years ago, I assumed that because my elephant, Tarra, had shown fear of African elephants, the two species were too different to coexist in captivity. As a result, when I founded The Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee, I determined that African and Asian elephants should not be housed together. At the time, it seemed reasonable to suggest that the two species should remain separate. The problem was, there was no scientific data to support the claim that African and Asian elephants are so vastly different that they cannot live together.

Over the years, however, I learned of many African and Asian elephants who lived together in captive situations. Most got along—perhaps because they had no other social option. What also became obvious was the number of same-species elephants who did not get along, who fought and harmed each other. I began to wonder if my assumption, based solely on the experience of my one elephant, was accurate.

After observing so many same-species elephants who were not compatible, I sought an answer to why. It didn’t take long to understand that it was not species that determined compatibility, but personality.

When moving an elephant into a new environment, I research his or her history to better understand who they are before being responsible for their care. Through this research, I can gain insight into how an elephant might react in a new environment and what temperament of elephant they might do well with.

I have come to understand that the most important information required to be a good steward for a captive elephant is to know who they are—what drives them, what frightens them, what empowers them, and how to gain their trust.

I have learned that many factors beyond species determine an elephant’s ability to feel secure and accepted. Space, autonomy, and a natural habitat that meets their needs are undeniable requirements. With these important components met, this highly intelligent, evolved animal will always surprise us.

Instead of focusing on a non-issue—a prejudice perceived by the human mind—captive-held elephants would benefit from the understanding that species is not the issue. Lifestyle and management philosophy are.